Two-part pull type positive lock fasteners

ABSTRACT

A two-piece fastener, including a headed pin and a sleeve with the sleeve being set by engagement with the head of the pin and with the pin and sleeve being mechanically locked by the formation of an interlock between the underside of the pinhead and the sleeve in the setting of the fastener.

United States Patent 91 Reynolds et al. 5] Apr. 10, 1973 [54] TWO-PARTPULL TYPE POSITIVE 3,279,304 10/1966 LOCK FASTENERS [75] Inventors:Perry J. Reynolds, Detroit, Mich.; 3:515:028 6/1970 John F. Orloff,Saint Clair Shore,

th M' h be of 6 Primary ExaminerDavid J. Williamowsky Asslgneel HuckManufacturing p y Assistant ExaminerWayne L. Shedd [22] Filed: July 9,1971 Att0rneyJ. King Harness et al.

21 A l.No.: 161 205 1 pp 57 ABSTRACT [52] U 8 Cl 287/189 36 D 85/3985/77 A two-piece fastener, including a headed pin and a [51] F1 5/04sleeve with the sleeve being set by engagement with [58] Fie'ld 189 36 Fthe head of the pin and with the pin and sleeve being C 70 mechanicallylocked by the formation of an interlock between the underside of thepinhead and the sleeve 5 e ce Cited in the setting of the fastener.

10 Claims, 13 Drawing Figures PATENTED APR 1 01973 SHEET 2 [IF 2 Ell-EL.

5/7 BY 72/97 [7 Wfi I of the fastener making the tampering self-evident.

The fastener is of the pull type. The sleeve is inserted throughopenings in the container from the inside surface of the container walland the pin is inserted into the sleeve from the outside. The pin is ofthe pull type preferably having pull grooves and a breakneck. Theunderside of the pinhead is provided with a reversely formed curl sothat as the end of the sleeve is projected into the curl, such end iscaused to curl forming a mechanical interlock between the pin and thesleeve for both minimum and maximum grips.

In the prior art, a friction grip only is provided between the pin andthe sleeve and the fastener was, therefore, sensitive to the formationof the openings through the container wall. Experience has shown that asa practical matter, sufficient care is not taken in the formation ofsuch holes and the friction grip in many instances is insufficient toassure pin retention in the sleeve.

A primary object of the present invention is to provide a fastener ofthe type described above which is practically insensitive to fieldvariations in hole formation so that the fastener parts remain securedtogether in use. In the fastener of the present invention, the pin andsleeve are held together by a positive, mechanical interlock between thepin and the sleeve. The sleeve and pin are designed so that thisinterlock is accomplished for minimum and maximum grips. By way ofcomparison where a friction lock was provided, the pin push out is inthe order of 350 to 400 pounds even when used with properly preparedholes, while with the present invention the push out is in the order of1,400 to 1,500 pounds even where the holes are formed with considerableintolerance.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from thefollowing specification and drawings related thereto and from the claimshereinafter set forth.

In the drawings in which like numerals indicate like parts in usethroughout:

FIGS. 1 through 7 illustrate one embodiment of the present invention;and

FIGS. 8 through 12 illustrate another embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 1 is a separated elevational view of the pin and sleeve of thepresent invention with one of the elements, namely, an O-ring sealershown in cross section;

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view generally similar to FIG. 1, andshowing the sleeve inserted in position through an opening in the wallof the container. The solid lines illustrate minimum grip and the dottedlines indicate maximum grip;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the pin inserted in thesleeve end in an intermediate driving position for minimum grip;

FIG. d is a view similar to FIG. 3 for maximum grip;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 for minimum grip and showing thefinally set fastener;

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 for maximum grip and showing thefinally set fastener;

FIG. 7 is an end view of the sleeve as the sleeve end begins to curlwith the pin removed;

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 1 for a modified form of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 for this modification;

FIGS. 10 and 11 are intermediate views in the setting of the fastenerfor minimum and maximum grip respectively; and

FIGS. 12 and 13 are views showing the finally set fastener for minimumand maximum grip respectively;

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIGS. 1 through 7,the fastener assembly generally indicated at 10 is shown with a wallstructure of a shipping container generally indicated at 12. Suchstructure has an opening 13 therethrough and one of the conventionaltypes of such container includes a fibrous or wood intermediate member14 with metal outer members 16 and 17. Minimum grip is illustrated inthe solid lines and maximum grip by the broken lines in FIG. 2.

The assembly 10 includes a pin generally indicated at 18 and a sleevegenerally indicated at 19. The sleeve 19 is in the form of a tubularshank 20 having an enlarged head 21. In this embodiment the outerdiameter of the leading end of the sleeve is reduced as shown at 22 toprovide a reduced wall section as best shown in FIG. 2.

The sleeve is inserted through the opening 13 formed by aligned openingsthrough the members 14, 16 and 17 with the reduced end 22 projectingtherebeyond, the metal panel 17 representing the outside of thecontainer.

The pin 18 has a head 23 and a shank 24. The shank has a longitudinallyknurled section 25 formed adjacent the underside of the head 23, for apurpose hereafter described. The pin also has a reduced breaknecksection 26 with the leading end having pull grooves 27 formed thereon.

According to the present invention, the underside of the head 23 isformed with a symmetrical and annular curled surface 28, the end ofwhich as indicated at 29 projects toward the shank of the pin forming anannular symmetrical opening 30.

A rubber O-ring 31 is slipped onto the shank of the pin adjacent thehead where such sealing member is desired.

The pin 18 is inserted into the tubular sleeve 19 with the pull grooveportion 27 projecting inwardly beyond the head 21 of the sleeve. Suchpull portion is engaged by a known type of pull gun which engages thepin and pulls it into the sleeve. The longitudinal serrations 25 are ofsuch dimension relative to the ID. of the sleeve portion 22 that as suchserrations engage the inside surface of the sleeve portion 22,longitudinally weakened sections are formed in that portion of thesleeve so that as the sleeve portion 22 is caused to curl during thesetting of the fastener, longitudinal fissures 32, as shown in FIG. 7,are formed in the leading end of the sleeve 22 which assist in thecurling of the leading end of the sleeve 19.

The leading end of the sleeve 19 enters the curled portion of the headthrough opening 30 and is caused to curl as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. Theleading end of the sleeve follows the contour of the curl 28 so that ittoo is reversely curled adjacent annular portion 29 of the under edge ofthe pinhead. This is true for both minimum and maximum grip so that apositive mechanical interlock is provided between the pin and thesleeve. In the case of minimum grip, as the curling is completed, theremaining portion of the sleeve may form an annular bulb 33, as bestshown in FIG. 5. In some installations, such bulb may be formed in thecolumn of the sleeve within the wooden section 14.

When the fastener is completely set as shown in FIGS. and 6, the set iscaused to break at the breakneck 26 and such breakneck is located sothat it is inside the head 21 of the sleeve.

Where a sealing ring is desired, as illustrated by the rubber O-ring 31,during the setting of the fastener, the leading end of the sleeve 22will force the O-ring 31 through the opening ahead of it into the curledportion and the end 22 will also force itself under the O-ring 31 sothat when the fastener is finally set the O-ring is squeezed within thecurled portion of the sleeve to form the seal. I

' Referring to FIGS. 8 to 12, a modified form of a fastener of thepresent invention is illustrated. The sealing O-ring is not shown inthis illustration but, of course, may be used, if desired.

The pin 18 is the same in detail as the pin of the previously describedembodiment in that it includes the head 23, shank 24, longitudinalserrations 25, breakneck 26, and pull grooves 27. The underside of thehead is provided with a full curl 28 with the inwardly projectingannular edge 29 defining the opening 30.

In this embodiment, the sleeve 19 is modified in that the wall portionand the leading end portion 35 are uniform internal and externaldiameter throughout the length so that the wall thickness is uniformthroughout its length. However, in this embodiment the leading endportion 35 is annealed from the leading end thereof to a position alongthe sleeve indicated by broken lines at 36 so that the annealed portion35 will be relatively softer than the remaining portion of the sleeveand will project beyond the outer wall of the container for both minimumand maximum grip.

The assembly and setting of the fastener is the same as in theembodiment previously described so that the end portion 35 projectsthrough the opening engaging the curled surface 28 causing it toreversely curl as shown in FIGS. 10, 11, 12 and 13 to provide the sameform of interlock as in the embodiment previously described. Theserrations 25 on the pin also serve the same function, that is, formingthe weakened sections in the wall of the leading end to formlongitudinal tissures in such end as the end curls. The mechanical in- Iterlock between the pin and the sleeve is the same.

While it will be apparent that the invention herein disclosed is wellcalculated to achieve the benefits and advantages as herein above setforth, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible tomodification, variation and change without departing from the spiritthereof.

We claim:

1. A two-piece fastener for fastening workpieces having aligned openingscomprising: a tubular sleeve having an enlarged sleeve head engageablewith one surface at one side of the workpieces and a sleeve shankextending through openings and beyond the opposite surface at the otherside of the workpieces, a pin having a pinhead engageable with the outerend of said sleeve shank opposite said sleeve head and having a pinshank extending through said sleeve and beyond said sleeve head, pullmeans on said pin shank adapted to be gripped by a tool whereby arelative axial force can be applied between said pin and said sleeve, abreakneck groove defining the weakest point of said pin shank andlocated intermediate said pinhead and said pull means, said pinheadbeing of a size to overengage the leading end of the sleeve and havingdeformation means in the form of an annular surface terminating in aninwardly curved annular edge defining an annular opening through whichthe leading end of the sleeve is received into a cavity formed on theunder side of the pinhead, with the portion of the sleeve adjacent theleading end thereof deformed outwardly beyond said inwardly curvedannular edge of the pinhead to provide a mechanical interlock meansbetween the pin and the sleeve to prevent same from disengaging, andwherein a radial dimension of the inwardly curved under edge of thepinhead is less than an outermost radial dimension of the curled leadingend of the sleeve to effect said mechanical interlock means.

2. A fastener according to claim 1 in which the leading end of thesleeve shank is of a reduced wall thickness compared to the wallthickness of the remaining portion of the sleeve shank.

3. A fastener according to claim 1 in which the pin shank is providedwith longitudinally extending serrations adjacent the pinhead, saidserrations being of such dimensional radial extension relative to theinternal diameter of the leading end of the sleeve shank as to formweakened sections in said sleeve shank which cause fissures therein asthe leading end of the sleeve shank is curled to provide the mechanicalinterlock between the pin and sleeve.

4. A fastener according to claim 3 in which the leading end of thesleeve shank is of a reduced wall thickness compared to the wallthickness of the remaining portion of the sleeve shank.

5. A fastener according to claim 1 in which the leading end of thesleeve shank is annealed to a lesser hardness than the remaining portionof the sleeve shank.

6. A fastener according to claim 1 in which an O-ring sealing means ispositioned within the curled portion of sleeve and pinhead for forming aseal.

7. A fastener according to claim 2 in which an O-ring sealing means ispositioned within the curled portion of sleeve and pinhead for forming aseal.

8. A fastener according to claim 3 in which an O-ring sealing means ispositioned within the curled portion of sleeve and pinhead for forming aseal.

9. A two-piece fastener for fastening workpieces having aligned openingscomprising: a tubular sleeve having an enlarged sleeve head engageablewith one surface at one side of the workpieces and a sleeve shankextending through openings and beyond the opposite surface at the otherside of the workpieces, a pin having a pinhead engageable with the outerend of said sleeve shank opposite said sleeve head and having a pinshank extending through said sleeve and beyond said sleeve into a cavityformed on the under side of the pinhead,

with the portion of the sleeve adjacent the leading end thereof deformedoutwardly beyond said inwardly curved annular edge of the pinhead toprovide a positive mechanical interlock means between the pin and thesleeve to prevent same from disengaging.

10. A fastener according to claim 9 in which an 0- ring sealing means ispositioned within the curled portion of the sleeve and pinhead forforming a seal.

1. A two-piece fastener for fastening workpieces having aligned openingscomprising: a tubular sleeve having an enlarged sleeve head engageablewith one surface at one side of the workpieces and a sleeve shankextending through openings and beyond the opposite surface at the otherside of the workpieces, a pin having a pinhead engageable with the outerend of said sleeve shank opposite said sleeve head and having a pinshank extending through said sleeve and beyond said sleeve head, pullmeans on said pin shank adapted to be gripped by a tool whereby arelative axial force can be applied between said pin and said sleeve, abreakneck groove defining the weakest point of said pin shank andlocated intermediate said pinhead and said pull means, said pinheadbeing of a size to overengage the leading end of the sleeve and havingdeformation means in the form of an annular surface terminating in aninwardly curved annular edge defining an annular opening through whichthe leading end of the sleeve is received into a cavity formed on theunder side of the pinhead, with the portion of the sleeve adjacent theleading end thereof deformed outwardly beyond said inwardly curvedannular edge of the pinhead to provide a mechanical interlock meansbetween the pin and The sleeve to prevent same from disengaging, andwherein a radial dimension of the inwardly curved under edge of thepinhead is less than an outermost radial dimension of the curled leadingend of the sleeve to effect said mechanical interlock means.
 2. Afastener according to claim 1 in which the leading end of the sleeveshank is of a reduced wall thickness compared to the wall thickness ofthe remaining portion of the sleeve shank.
 3. A fastener according toclaim 1 in which the pin shank is provided with longitudinally extendingserrations adjacent the pinhead, said serrations being of suchdimensional radial extension relative to the internal diameter of theleading end of the sleeve shank as to form weakened sections in saidsleeve shank which cause fissures therein as the leading end of thesleeve shank is curled to provide the mechanical interlock between thepin and sleeve.
 4. A fastener according to claim 3 in which the leadingend of the sleeve shank is of a reduced wall thickness compared to thewall thickness of the remaining portion of the sleeve shank.
 5. Afastener according to claim 1 in which the leading end of the sleeveshank is annealed to a lesser hardness than the remaining portion of thesleeve shank.
 6. A fastener according to claim 1 in which an O-ringsealing means is positioned within the curled portion of sleeve andpinhead for forming a seal.
 7. A fastener according to claim 2 in whichan O-ring sealing means is positioned within the curled portion ofsleeve and pinhead for forming a seal.
 8. A fastener according to claim3 in which an O-ring sealing means is positioned within the curledportion of sleeve and pinhead for forming a seal.
 9. A two-piecefastener for fastening workpieces having aligned openings comprising: atubular sleeve having an enlarged sleeve head engageable with onesurface at one side of the workpieces and a sleeve shank extendingthrough openings and beyond the opposite surface at the other side ofthe workpieces, a pin having a pinhead engageable with the outer end ofsaid sleeve shank opposite said sleeve head and having a pin shankextending through said sleeve and beyond said sleeve head, pull means onsaid pin shank adapted to be gripped by a tool whereby a relative axialforce can be applied between said pin and said sleeve, a breakneckgroove defining the weakest point of said pin shank and locatedintermediate said pinhead and said pull means, said pinhead being of asize to overengage the leading end of the sleeve and having deformationmeans in the form of an annular surface terminating in an inwardlycurved annular edge defining an annular opening through which theleading end of the sleeve is received into a cavity formed on the underside of the pinhead, with the portion of the sleeve adjacent the leadingend thereof deformed outwardly beyond said inwardly curved annular edgeof the pinhead to provide a positive mechanical interlock means betweenthe pin and the sleeve to prevent same from disengaging.
 10. A fasteneraccording to claim 9 in which an O-ring sealing means is positionedwithin the curled portion of the sleeve and pinhead for forming a seal.